Method for processing a mineral filler with a phosphate, mineral fillers treated in this manner, polyurethane foams and composite polyurethanes using this filler, objects containing them which may or may not be moulded

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to the technological sector of mineral fillers used in the sector which manufactures polyurethane foams and in particular fillers of the carbonate, hydroxide, silicate, sulphate type and similar mineral fillers.  
     The invention relates in particular to a method of treating mineral fillers of a specific grain size with the aid of treatment agents of the organic phosphate type, incorporating a de-agglomeration step, and optionally a selection step, with a view to improving the techniques used to manufacture polyurethane foams either by foaming without an auxiliary blowing agent or with a blowing agent such as CO 2 , and composite polyurethane, whilst reducing the time needed to mix this treated filler treated with the polyol and other reagents.  
     Numerous applications for block foams or moulded foams, for mattresses and similar, the automotive industry, various industrial components, etc . . .

[0001] The present invention relates to the technological sector which manufactures polyurethane foams and more specifically to the mineral fillers used in this sector, in particular fillers of the carbonate, hydroxide, silicate and sulphate type and similar mineral fillers.

[0002] It is known that polyurethane foam (or PUR) is obtained by the reaction of a polyol on an isocyanate such as toluene diisocyanate or TDI, concurrently with a reaction of the isocyanate on water.

[0003] To produce block foam, the “mixing head” is charged either with a master batch of polyol and mineral additive on the one hand and on the other band the remaining polyol, the catalyst system such as an amine catalyst, tin catalyst or any other catalyst, one or more surface active agents, generally of the silicon type, water, toluene diisocyanate, optionally an auxiliary foaming agent which may be methylene chloride, acetone and various additives such as heat stabilising agents or, alternatively, with the polyol in which the master batch has been diluted to the desired concentration beforehand and on the other the above-mentioned additives (catalyst, surface active agent, etc . . . ).

[0004] The reaction of the water on the isocyanate, catalysed by the amine, generates CO₂ which forms the foam.

[0005] In order to reduce the cost price per litre and per kilogram of objects made from flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foam, which may or may not be moulded, it has become increasingly necessary to increase the quantity of filler contained in the flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams whilst conserving or improving their physical-chemical properties, such as compression modulus or tear strength, or improve their aesthetic or other qualities such as their fireproof qualities, a required by the different fields of industry such as the automotive, furniture, building and other industries.

[0006] These days, there are several methods of incorporating the mineral fillers with these polyurethane compounds.

[0007] In a first type of method (FR 2 651 236), calcium carbonate is introduced into a polyurethane plasticiser. This method of producing a suspension of filler in a plasticiser, which allows the proportion of filler in the polyurethane compound to be increased, has proved to be expensive and too awkward to implement when manufacturing flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams because of the accompanying deterioration in the physical and chemical properties of the foams obtained using this filler suspension.

[0008] Attempts were then made to introduce the mineral fillers to the flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams in a simpler, less costly manner, eliminating the inherent problem which causes a significant reduction in the reaction capacity of the polyurethane foams.

[0009] To this end, various methods of introducing the filler into a polyol, one of the ingredients of polyurethane, have become known to those skilled in the art.

[0010] A first type of method is based on a teaching of grafting methacrylic acid (DE 2 654 746, DE 2 714 291, DE 2 739 620) or another vinyl compound such as styrene onto the polyol. However, with this type of method the calcium carbonate suspension in the polyol becomes unworkable, being too difficult to handle due to a very high viscosity and a poor distribution of the filler in the medium in conjunction with problems caused by sedimentation of the suspension.

[0011] Another type of method consists in treating the surface of the filler before it is introduced into the polyol using an agent, which might be an alcohol with 8 to 14 carbon atoms for example (FR 2 531 971) or a phosphate of hydroxycarboxylic acid (EP 0 202 394).

[0012] However, these methods produce the same type of disadvantages as those outlined above because the user is faced with problems caused by the poor capacity of the mineral filler treated in this way to disperse in the polyol.

[0013] Another method of treating a mineral filler has been developed (EP 0 726 298) using at least one agent of the organic phosphate type for treatment purposes, in conjunction with a treated mineral filler, producing a suspension of mineral filler in the polyols which has a high filler content and a low viscosity, i.e. a homogeneous suspension which is not susceptible to sedimentation or to decantation, nor does it inherently thicken when manufacturing flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foam.

[0014] According to this document, the mineral fillers are treated with a view to placing them in suspension in the polyols with the aid of at least one agent of the organic phosphate type for treatment purposes, having the general formula (1):

[0015] where R₁=either H or alkyl with 8 to 40 carbon atoms or aryl or alkylaryl or arylalkyl with 6 to 40 carbon atoms

[0016] where R₂=either alkyl with 8 to 40 carbon atoms or aryl or alkylaryl or arylalkyl with 6 to 40 carbon atoms

[0017] X=—CH₂—CH₂—

[0018] Y=CH(CH₃)—CH₂— or —CH₂—CH(CH₃)—

[0019] (m+n) varies from 0 to 30 where m≦30 and n≦30

[0020] (p+q) varies from 0 to 30 where p≦30 and q≦30.

[0021] This latter technique is satisfactory but a new problem has been encountered in connection with a specific and more recent technique of manufacture of PUR foams.

[0022] According to the conventional method, the mixer head is charged with a mixture of polyol and mineral filler on the one hand and the remaining polyol, TDI, an auxiliary foaming agent such as methylene chloride and various additives such as a tin salt and a surfactant, generally of the silicon type, on the other. The reaction generates CO₂ in situ, as mentioned above, which forms the foam. Formation of the foam passes through two main stages, the first occurring at the onset of foaming and the second when the foam block is being stabilised, after which a mass of PUR foam is produced which is then cut into blocks of the desired dimension in order to make mattresses, seat coverings, etc...

[0023] A new method has been developed in recent years and is described in particular in patents EP 0 645 226 and WO 96/00644, whereby the CO₂ is injected into the mixing head directly or through the polyol flow in the liquid state. The CO₂ is therefore used as an auxiliary blowing agent.

[0024] This method has advantages, particularly. in terms of reducing in quite a remarkable way the use and formation of toxic or inflammable products and is likely to take on increasing importance in the future.

[0025] However, this new method does have technical problems in addition to those inherent in manufacturing PUR foam.

[0026] In order to implement a method of this type correctly, known as PUR foam with CO₂ or “CO₂ method”, it seems to be necessary to reduce significantly the time needed to mix the filler with the polyol and to improve the mixing quality.

[0027] As proposed by this invention, it has been found that the problem of the mixing time and the difficulties inherent in the new CO₂ method can be resolved by treating a mineral filler in a manner comparable to the techniques described in EP 0 726 298, but with significant improvements.

[0028] Surprisingly, it was also discovered whilst conducting research into the CO₂ method that the method used to treat the mineral fillers as proposed by the invention also improves the conventional processes used to manufacture PUR foams.

[0029] Accordingly, the invention is not limited to the CO₂ processes, which was the original problem to be resolved, but on the contrary is applicable in a general manner.

[0030] It has also been found that the method proposed by the invention for treating mineral fillers can be applied to the methods used to manufacture composite materials with a PUR matrix, whether or not they are cellular, and that whatever the filler used: CaCO₃, talcs, kaolins, aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc... in numerous applications in the field of accessories for the automotive industry, for the transport sector, in particular road or rail and for industrial objects used in a variety of applications.

[0031] By the terms “composite materials” or “composite PUR” used here is meant polyurethanes reinforced with vegetable fibres, glass or quartz or synthetic fibres, cut fibres in general, or similar. By the expression “cellular PUR” used here is meant polyurethanes, whether they are expanded or not.

[0032] The invention relates to a method of treating mineral fillers of a specific grain size with the aid of processing agents of the organic phosphate type, incorporating a de-agglomeration stage and optionally a selection stage, with a view to improving the techniques applied to manufacturing PUR foams either by foaming without an auxiliary blowing agent or foaming with an auxiliary blowing agent such as methylene chloride, acetone or CO₂ or others, and composite PURs, whilst reducing the time taken to mix the filler treated in this way, with the polyol and other reagents and overcoming the specific difficulties encountered with regard to the filler agglomerates which clog the static dispersing equipments provided for the CO₂ and which tend to detract from the mechanical properties of PUR foams and. composites, cellular or not, such as the tear strength of PUR foams, for example.

[0033] More specifically, the invention relates to a method of treating mineral fillers, characterised in that the filler:

[0034] a) is treated using at least one compound of the general formula (1):

[0035] where R₁=either H or alkyl with 8 to 40 carbon atoms or aryl or alkylaryl or arylalkyl with 6 to 40 carbon atoms

[0036] where R₂=either alkyl with 8 to 40 carbon atoms or aryl or alkylaryl or arylalkyl with 6 to 40 carbon atoms

[0037] X=—CH₂—CH₂— or —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—

[0038] or —CH₂—CH(CH₃) or —(CH₂)₅—CO—

[0039] Y=—CH₂—CH₂— or —CH(CH₃)—CH₂—or —CH₂—CH(CH₃)— or —(CH₂)₅—CO—

[0040] X and Y being the same or different,

[0041] (m+n) varies from 0 to 60 (boundaries included) as well as (p+q) where 0≦m+n≦60 and 0≦p+q≦60 when X=Y=—CH₂—CH₂—and

[0042] where (1≦m≦10 and 1≦p≦10) and (0≦n≦59 and 0≦q≦59) if X is different from Y.

[0043] b) undergoes a de-agglomeration step and

[0044] c) optionally undergoes a selection step.

[0045] Said filler is of a specific grain size as described below.

[0046] By the term “de-agglomeration” is meant a step whereby the number of agglomerates are reduced using an appropriate apparatus, of the crusher type, more specifically a crusher of the pin type or known “attritor” type. The agglomerates can be evaluated by a known method in accordance with the North gauge procedure, which is governed by a standard (ISO 1524).

[0047] By “selection” is meant the operation whereby a certain range within the grain size is separated by passage through “separators” (screens, dynamic classifiers, etc . . . which are known). An operation of this type does not affect the quality of the product but the skilled person will be able to decide whether to apply it or not as a means of optimising the product, depending on the anticipated end use.

[0048] By “specific grain size” for the purposes of the invention is meant that the grain size must be neither too fine nor too coarse and should be produced directly by crushing or by mixing fillers. In one illustrative but not restrictive example, given in order to provide an understanding of this criterion, the filler may substantially have a mean diameter of d50 in terms of grain size. This mean diameter for the mineral fillers proposed by the invention will be between 0.1 micrometres and 15 micrometres, preferably between 0.1 micrometres and 10 micrometres and most preferably between 0.3 and 8 micrometres. Furthermore, the person skilled in the art will know how to make up fillers which comply with this requirement.

[0049] The invention also relates to mineral fillers of a specific grain size treated with this treatment agent by a de-agglomeration step, and optionally a selection step, requiring a shorter time to mix the filler thus treated with the polyol and other reagents and intended to be placed in suspension in a polyol with a view to use in the manufacture of polyurethane foams either by foaming without an auxiliary blowing agent or foaming with an auxiliary blowing agent such as methylene chloride, acetone or CO₂ or others, or composite PURs, and more specifically mineral fillers of the carbonate type treated by this method and for this purpose.

[0050] The invention also relates to suspensions in the polyols of the mineral fillers so treated, prepared so that they can be incorporated in a method of manufacturing PUR foams either by foaming without an auxiliary blowing agent or foaming with an auxiliary blowing agent such as methylene chloride, acetone or CO₂ or others, as well as their use in the manufacture of flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams by the method either by foaming without an auxiliary blowing agent or foaming with an auxiliary blowing agent such as methylene chloride, acetone or CO₂ or others and for the manufacture of composite polyurethanes.

[0051] In addition, the invention relates to the actual foams obtained by a method involving either by foaming without an auxiliary blowing agent or foaming with an auxiliary blowing agent such as methylene chloride, acetone or CO₂ or others, or composite polyurethanes, cellular or not, containing the fillers treated by the method of the invention in a mixture with polyol.

[0052] Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams or composites, cellular or not, thus obtained for the manufacture of moulded or non-moulded objects.

[0053] The invention also relates to the preliminary mixtures with a polyol of the fillers treated by the method of the invention and in particular in proportions appropriate to the manufacture of polyurethanes and more specifically polyurethane foams or composite PURs.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the filler will be used immediately it leaves the manufacturing equipment, the moisture content of which will be compatible with its application.

[0055] Most preferably, the mineral filler will be treated with an acid phosphate of aliphatic alcohol, branched or not, with 8 to 20 carbon atoms, onto which 0 to 12 ethylene oxide chains are condensed, and may optionally contain a mixture of mono-esters and di-esters.

[0056] The treatment proposed by the invention is implemented dry or wet.

[0057] The mineral fillers treated as proposed by the invention and which enable stable and homogeneous suspensions to be obtained in the polyols are selected from among the mineral fillers which impart to polyurethane foams and PURs used to make up composites with a PUR matrix, cellular or not, physical and chemical properties that are compatible with the use to which these products will be put when manufacturing objects, moulded or not, and are selected in particular from among the carbonates, phosphates and sulphates of natural or synthetic alkaline earths such as, in particular, calcium carbonates of natural or synthetic origin, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, the combined salts of magnesium and calcium such as dolomites, lime, magnesia, barium sulphate, calcium sulphates, magnesium hydroxides, aluminium hydroxides, silica, wollastonite, the clays and other silico-alumina such as the kaolins, silica-magnesia such as talc, mica, solid or hollow glass beads, the metal oxides such as zinc oxide, the iron oxides, titanium oxide and more specifically selected from among the natural or precipitated calcium carbonates such as chalk, calcite, marble, the dolomites, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, talc or mixtures thereof.

[0058] The mineral fillers proposed by the invention are distinctive compared with those of the prior art due to the fact that they retain their hydrophilic properties and exhibit an up-take of polyol which is reduced by at least 15% and preferably at least 20% as compared with an untreated mineral filler and more specifically the fact that they are obtained by the method of the invention.

[0059] By “preferably” is meant that the invention also covers the values of between 15% and 20% although the effectiveness of the results is better the greater the decrease in polyol take-up.

[0060] By definition, the polyol take-up, which represents the absorption capacity of the fillers, is the number of milligrams or grams of polyol used for 100 g or 100 ml of filler substance under the test measurement conditions stipulated by a method based on the ISO 787/5 standard.

[0061] The polyols used belong to the family of polyethers and polyesters-polyethers and the polyesters.

[0062] Amongst the common polyol polyethers, mention may be made, for example, of the addition products of propylene oxide on a simple polyol such as, for example, glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, in the presence of ethylene oxide or not. However, mention may also be made of the special polyol polyethers such as, for example, the amine-based polyethers obtained by the addition of propylene oxide or optionally ethylene oxide on amines, halogen polyethers, grafted polyethers resulting from the copolymerisation of styrene and acrylonitrile in suspension in a polyether, or alternatively polytetramethylene glycol.

[0063] Amongst the polyol polyesters, mentioned may be made, for example, of those resulting from the polycondensation of polyalcohols on polyacids or their anhydrides, such as the diacids, such as, for example, adipic, phthalic or other diacids, reacting with diols (for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol or others), triols (for example glycerol, trimethylolpropane or others) and tetrols (for example pentaerythritol or others, alone or in a mixture).

[0064] Other polyols which may also be mentioned are various hydroxyl compounds such as, for example, hydroxylated polybutadienes, the prepolymers with hydroxyl terminations (resulting from the reaction of excess polyol on a diisocyanate) or the simple polyols such as, for example, glycerol, amino alcohols used in a small quantity with the polyol polyethers or the polyol polyesters in order to increase cross-linking.

[0065] The suspensions of mineral fillers in the polyols, as proposed by the invention, which may also contain other mineral and/or organic products such as catalysts and/or anti-oxidants and/or others, are characterised in that the concentration of dry substance of the treated mineral substances may be as high as 80% by weight, and in that they are not susceptible either to decantation or sedimentation or damning thickening after storage for 7 days in readiness for the manufacture of flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams, i.e. having a stable apparent Brookfield viscosity which is lower than that of suspensions of mineral fillers which have not been treated and in that they contain 0.5% to 3% by weight, relative to the weight of the mineral filler, of at least one treatment agent having the general formula (1).

[0066] An additional objective of the invention is to produce homogenous, stable and low-viscosity suspensions of these treated mineral fillers in the polyols, characterised by a concentration by weight of mineral fillers which may be as high as 80% and a content of treatment agent which may range from 0.5% to 3% by weight relative to the dry weight of the filler and containing no agglomerates.

[0067] These homogeneous, stable, low-viscosity suspensions proposed by the invention are easy to handle because they do not exhibit, under the normal conditions in which they are used by the skilled person, any occurrence of decantation, i.e. the separation in two phases, of sedimentation, i.e. the presence of a hard deposit at the bottom of the tank in which the suspension is stored, nor is there any damning thickening, which means that it will be possible to produce flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams or composite PURs, cellular or not, with excellent physical and chemical properties.

[0068] Finally, another objective of the invention is the use of these homogeneous, stable and low-viscosity dispersions of mineral fillers for the manufacture of flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams or cellular or non-cellular composites as well as the use of these foams or these composites for the manufacture of objects which may or may not be moulded.

[0069] The homogeneous, stable and low-viscosity suspensions filled in this manner, as proposed by the invention, exhibit a specific feature in that they can be used for the manufacture of polyurethane foams, regardless of whether they are flexible, semi-rigid or rigid, or for the manufacture of polyurethane composites, which may be cellular or not.

[0070] Furthermore, the flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams, cellular or not, obtained by using the suspensions of mineral fillers, treated as proposed by the invention, in polyols are used to make objects which may or may not be moulded.

[0071] Other features and advantages of the invention will become clear from the description given below.

[0072] The scope and interest of the invention will be more readily appreciated from the examples given below, although these are not intended to be restrictive in any respect.

EXAMPLE 1

[0073] A. Tests for Preparing Various Treated Fillers

[0074] To this end, tests No. 1 to 10 were conducted using three different filler bases and a treatment agent of the phosphate type, referred to as “AGT” hereafter, as set out in the various tables.

[0075] Tests No. 1 to 4:

[0076] These tests illustrate the invention and are conducted using a treatment agent which is a mixture of mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of decyl alcohol having 5 mols of ethylene oxide, using as the filler a Champagne chalk having an average diameter of 2 micrometres (product A).

[0077] Test No. 1:

[0078] For this test, the treated filler was made in accordance with the method proposed by the invention by introducing the agent proposed by the invention (AGT) simultaneously with the de-agglomeration operation into a pin mill, followed by a fine selection process using a 24-dynamic classifier.

[0079] Test No. 2:

[0080] For this test, the treated filler was made using the method proposed by the invention by introducing the agent proposed by the invention (AGT) prior to the de-agglomeration and selection operation described in test No. 1.

[0081] Test No. 3:

[0082] For this test, the treated filler was made in accordance with the method proposed by the invention by introducing the agent proposed by the invention (AGT) prior to the de-agglomeration operation into a pin mill, followed by a fine selection process using a 16-dynamic classifier.

[0083] Test No. 4:

[0084] For this test, the treated filler was made using the method proposed by the invention by introducing the agent proposed by the invention (AGT) into a pin mill prior to the de-agglomeration operation, dispensing with the selection operation.

[0085] Tests No. 5 to 7:

[0086] These tests illustrate the invention and are conducted using as a treatment agent a mixture of mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of decyl alcohol with 5 mols of ethylene oxide and, as the filler, a calcite with an average diameter of 1.8 micrometres (product B).

[0087] Test No. 5:

[0088] For this test of the invention, the same method was used to make the treated filler of the invention as that used for test No. 4.

[0089] Test No. 6:

[0090] For this test of the invention, the same method was used to make the treated filler of the invention as that used for test No. 2.

[0091] Test No. 7:

[0092] For this test of the invention, the same method was used to make the treated filler of the invention as that used for test No. 1.

[0093] Test No. 8:

[0094] This test illustrates the prior art and the treatment agent used is a mixture of mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of decyl alcohol with 5 mols of ethylene oxide and a Champagne chalk with an average diameter of 2.4 micrometres (product C) as the filler.

[0095] To this end, 3 kg of product C (chalk) and 30 g of AGT are introduced into a laboratory ball mill having a 15 l capacity and containing 9 kg of crushing medium and the mixture is crushed for 4 hours to obtain the grain size of product A, without carrying out the de-agglomeration step.

[0096] Test No. 9:

[0097] This test illustrates the invention and the treatment agent used is a mixture of mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of decyl alcohol with 5 mols of ethylene oxide and a Champagne chalk with an average diameter of 2.4 micrometres (product C) as the filler.

[0098] To this end, 3 kg of product C are mixed with 1.6 kg of water and 30 g of AGT and this “slurry” is introduced into a laboratory ball mill having a 15 l capacity and containing 9 kg of crushing medium, followed by crushing for 8 hours to obtain the desired grain size, followed by drying, de-agglomeration and selection using a 24-dynamic laboratory classifier.

[0099] Test No. 10:

[0100] This test illustrates the invention and the agent used is a mono-ester of acid phosphate of tristyrylphenol containing 60 mols of ethylene oxide and the filler used is a calcite with an average diameter of 1.8 micrometres (product B).

[0101] For this test of the invention, the same method was used to make the treated filler of the invention as that used for test No. 1.

[0102] The results of tests 1 to 4 and 5 to 7 are set out in Table I and those of tests 8 to 10 in Table II. TABLE I CHARACTER- Invention Invention Invention Invention Invention Invention Invention ISTICS TEST No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 FILLER Product A Product A Product A Product A Product B Product B Product B PRODUCT FEED RATE 700 kg/h 700 kg/h 700 kg/h 700 kg/h 700 kg/h 700 kg/h 700 kg/h TREATMENT 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% RATE SEPARATOR/ 24 24 16 No selector without selector 24 24 FINS De-agglomeration AGT agent Reduced De-agglomeration De-agglomeration AGT agent injected De-agglomeration simultaneous injected prior efficiency of without without selection prior to de- simultaneous with with injection to de- the selector as selection agglomeration + injection of AGT of AGT agent + agglomeration + compared with selection agent + selection Selection Selection test No. 2

[0103] TABLE II CHARACTER- Prior art Invention Invention ISTICS TEST No. 8    9 10 FILLER Product C Product C Product B PRODUCT Dry method Wet method Dry method FEED RATE — 1 kg/h 400 kg/h TREATMENT 1% 1% 1% RATE SEPARATOR/ without selector 24 24 FINS Treatment and Treatment and De-agglomeration crushing without crushing by wet simultaneous with deagglomeration method with de- injection of AGT nor selection agglomeration agent + selection and selection

[0104] The fillers treated in this manner, as well as the other fillers, whether treated or not, are used for the tests described below, which illustrate how they are dispersed in a polyol in order to simulate the speed and ease with which the filler is dispersed in this polyol.

[0105] B. Tests Showing Dispersion in a polyol:

[0106] To this end, 250 g of a triol with a hydroxyl index equal to 48 mg/g and a viscosity of 750 mPa.s are weighed out and placed in a metal container of a height of 105 mm and a diameter of 90 mm and are then placed under agitation using an agitator of the Pendraulik brand fitted with a de-flocculating blade having a diameter of 50 mm and a speed regulator. The rotation speed of the agitation shaft was checked with a tachymeter (380 or 690 r/min.) 25 g of mineral were introduced into the polyol and the timer started immediately all the powder is introduced. Samples of 2 or 3 g of dispersion are taken at regular intervals using a Pasteur pipette . The sample is applied to the North gauge (0 to 100 μm) and the measurement taken as described in ISO standard 1524. The gauge reading used is the value on the scale at which the first point of non-dispersed mineral appears. The North gauge is cleaned with isopropyl alcohol and dried between each test.

[0107] In each of tests No. 11 to 28, the polyol used is described in Tables III-I, III-2 and III-3 below, which set out the results. TABLE III-1 Test 11 Test 12 Test 13 Test 14 Test 15 Test 16 Test 17 REFERENCE INVENTION PRIOR ART PRIOR ART PRIOR ART REFERENCE PRIOR ART Filler type Product A Product A Product D Product A + Product A + Product A Product D 0.5114% AGT 0.4742% AGT Filler quantity 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g Polyol type IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Polyol quantity 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g Mixing speed 380 r./min. 380 r./min. 380 r./min. 380 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. Gauge after 2 min 0 0 0 0 0 0 / Gauge after 5 min 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 1 Gauge after 8 min 0 4.5 0 0 0 1 1 Gauge after 10 min 0 / 0 0 0 1 1.5 Gauge after 12 min / 7 0 0 0 1 2 Gauge after 15 min / / / / / 1 1.5 Gauge after 18 min / / / / / 2 1 Gauge after 20 min / / / / / 2.5 2 Gauge after 22 min / / / / / 3 3 Gauge after 24 min / / / / / 3.5 / Gauge after 25 min / / / / / / 3 Gauge after 26 min / / / / / 3.5 / Gauge after 28 min / / / / / 4.5 2 Gauge after 30 min / / / / / 4.5 2 Gauge after 32 min / / / / / 5 / Gauge after 35 min / / / / / / /

[0108] TABLE III-2 Test 18 Test 19 Test 20 Test 21 Test 22 Test 23 Test 24 Test 25 PRIOR ART PRIOR ART INVENTION INVENTION INVENTION INVENTION INVENTION PRIOR ART Filler type Product A + Product B + Product Product Product Product Product Product GUEDU GUEDU Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 Test 8 Filler quantity 25 g 25 g 25 g 259 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g Polyol type IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Polyol quantity 250 g 250 g 2509 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g Mixing speed 380 r./min. 380 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. Gauge after 0 0 0.5 / / / / /  2 min Gauge after 0 0 4.5 1.5 4 1.5 2.5 0  5 min Gauge after 0 0 2 / / / / /  8 min Gauge after 0 0 2 3.5 5 3 4 0 10 min Gauge after 0 0 3 / / / / / 12 min Gauge after 0 0 6 4 3.5 3.5 4 0 15 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 18 min Gauge after / 0 3 2 4 3.5 3 0 20 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 22 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 24 min Gauge after / / 5.5 3 4 3.5 2.5 0 25 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 26 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 28 min Gauge after / / 6 2 4.5 3.5 2.5 0 30 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 32 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 35 min

[0109] TABLE III-3 Test 26 Test 27 Test 28 INVENTION INVENTION INVENTION Filler type Product Product Product B + Test 9 Test 10 1% AGT Filler quantity 25 g 25 g 25 g Polyol type IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Polyol quantity 250 g 250 g 250 g Mixing speed 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. Gauge after 2 min / 2.5 4 Gauge after 5 min 0 3 4.5 Gauge after 8 min / / / Gauge after 10 min 2 / 5 Gauge after 12 min / / / Gauge after 15 min 3 / 5 Gauge after 18 min / 3.5 / Gauge after 20 min 2 / 5 Gauge after 22 min / / / Gauge after 24 min / / / Gauge after 25 min 3 / / Gauge after 26 min / / / Gauge after 28 min / / / Gauge after 30 min 2 / / Gauge after 32 min / / / Gauge after 35 min / / /

[0110] In these tables, AGT refers to the agent of the phosphate type proposed by the invention, GUEDU the known mixer and IOH the hydroxyl index.

[0111] Test No. 11:

[0112] This test illustrates the dispersion of a Champagne chalk of an average diameter of 2 micrometres, not treated, in the above-mentioned polyol.

[0113] There is no gauge reading and therefore none of the mixing performed is homogeneous and without agglomerates.

[0114] The result is poor; this is a reference test.

[0115] Test No. 12:

[0116] This test represents an example of the invention using Product A from test No. 1. The gauge reading is 4.5 after 8 minutes.

[0117] Accordingly, mixing is good after 8 minutes.

[0118] Test No. 13:

[0119] This test represents the prior art and a Champagne chalk is used, simply treated with stearic acid and having an average diameter of 2 micrometres and commercially available (Product D).

[0120] The result is poor.

[0121] Test No. 14:

[0122] This test illustrates the addition of the treatment agent used for tests 1 to 9, not for treating the filler as in tests No. 1 to 9 but as a dispersing agent, since it is added to the filler-polyol mixture.

[0123] The results are poor and confirm the importance of performing the treatment proposed by one of the steps of the invention.

[0124] Test No. 15:

[0125] This test is identical to test No. 14 except for the quantity of agent (very little) and the agitation speed used to form the mixture (almost double) in order to supply greater dispersion energy.

[0126] The result is also poor.

[0127] Test No. 16:

[0128] This test is identical to No. 11 except for the agitation speed used to form the mixture (almost double), which shows that more than 20 minutes are needed in order to produce a good mixture (gauge=3), hence requiring much more mechanical energy.

[0129] Test No. 17:

[0130] This test is identical to No. 13 except for the agitation speed used to form the mixture (almost double), which shows that more than 20 minutes are needed in order to produce a good mixture (gauge=3), hence requiring much more mechanical energy.

[0131] Tests No. 18 and 19:

[0132] These tests use a simple mixer of the Guedu type and produce poor results, proving that the treatment performed in accordance with the steps of the invention is not one of simple mixing.

[0133] Test No. 18:

[0134] This test is conducted with an untreated Champagne chalk of an average diameter of 2 micrometres. The mixing process in the Guedu mixer is performed using a treatment agent of the mono-ester and di-ester of nonylphenol phosphate type containing 30 ethylene oxide chains.

[0135] Test No. 19:

[0136] This test is conducted with an untreated calcite of an average diameter of 1.8 micrometres. The mixing process in the Guedu mixer is performed using a treatment agent of the mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of decyl alcohol type containing 5 ethylene oxide chains.

[0137] Tests No. 20 to 23:

[0138] These tests respectively show the use of the test products No. 1 to 4 and are variations of the method proposed by the invention, demonstrating that de-agglomeration is sufficient and selection is not compulsory.

[0139] Test No. 24:

[0140] This test illustrating the invention is conducted using calcite instead of chalk (the product of test No. 5 is used).

[0141] The result (gauge=4 after 10 minutes) can be regarded as good.

[0142] Test No. 25:

[0143] This test uses the product of test No. 8 of the prior art and shows that crushing in the ball mill without de-agglomeration does not produce satisfactory results.

[0144] Test No. 26:

[0145] This test uses the product of test No. 9 and gives suitable results (gauge=3 after 15 minutes); this test demonstrates the possibility of using a treatment proposed by the invention with the wet method.

[0146] Test No. 27:

[0147] This test uses the product of test No. 10 and gives suitable results (gauge=3 after 5 minutes); this test is an example of what happens when an agent of a different type proposed by the invention is used.

[0148] Test No. 28:

[0149] This tests uses a calcite (product B) treated by the method proposed by the invention for test No. 1, using 1% by weight of a mixture of acid phosphate mono-ester and di-ester of ketostearylic alcohol.

[0150] This test produces suitable results (gauge=4 after 2 minutes) and is an example showing the use of an agent of a different type proposed by the invention.

EXAMPLE 2

[0151] This example relates to the use of different fillers, all treated using the method of test No. 1.

[0152] The following are the different fillers that were used: Product R: marble with an average diameter of 8 micrometres, Product S: commercial magnesium hydroxide with an average diameter of 1.4-1.8 micrometres, Product T: talc with an average diameter of 2.5 micrometres, Product U: dolomite with an average diameter of 3 micrometers, Product V: aluminium hydroxide with an average diameter of 0.8 micrometres, Product G: kaolin with an average diameter of 0.50 micrometres, Product W: precipitated calcium carbonate with an average diameter of 0.3 micrometres.

[0153] Test No. 29:

[0154] This test is a reference test representing an untreated kaolin with an average diameter of 0.50 micrometres, dispersed in the above-mentioned polyol.

[0155] There was no gauge reading and therefore no mixture was formed that was homogeneous and without agglomerates.

[0156] The result was poor.

[0157] Test No. 30:

[0158] This test is a test of the invention, based on the method of test No. 1, using a kaolin of an average diameter of 0.50 micrometres treated with 1.5% by weight of the agent used in test No. 1.

[0159] The gauge reading is good compared with the reference test.

[0160] Test No. 31:

[0161] This is a reference test conducted with product U. There was no gauge reading.

[0162] Test No. 32:

[0163] This is a test of the invention, conducted on treated product U, using the method of test No. 1, with 1.5% by weight of the agent used in test No. 1. The gauge reading was good compared with the reference test.

[0164] Test No. 33:

[0165] This test is a reference test with product W. There is no gauge reading.

[0166] Test No. 34:

[0167] This is a test of the invention, conducted on treated product W, using the method of test No. 1, with 2.5% by weight of the agent used in test No. 1. The gauge reading was good compared with the reference test.

[0168] Test No. 35:

[0169] This test is a reference test conducted on product R. There is no gauge reading.

[0170] Test No. 36:

[0171] This is a test of the invention, conducted on treated product R, using the method of test No. 1, with 1% by weight of the agent which is an acid phosphate mono-ester and di-ester of nonylphenol containing 10 mols of ethylene oxide. The gauge reading was good compared with the reference test.

[0172] Test No. 37:

[0173] This test is a reference test conducted on a mixture (product A+product T) with an average diameter of 2.5 micrometres in a ratio of 50/50 by weight. There is no gauge reading.

[0174] Test No. 38:

[0175] This is a test of the invention, conducted on the treated product used in test No. 37, using the method of test No. 1, with 0.5% of the agent used in test No. 1. The gauge reading was good compared with the reference test.

[0176] Test No. 39:

[0177] This test is a reference test conducted on product V. There is no gauge reading.

[0178] Test No. 40:

[0179] This is a test of the invention, conducted on treated product V, using the method of test No. 1, with 1.2% of the agent used in test No. 1. The gauge reading was good compared with the reference test.

[0180] Test No. 41:

[0181] This is a reference test on product S. There is no gauge reading.

[0182] Test No. 42:

[0183] This is a test of the invention, conducted on treated product S, using the method of test No. 1, with 1.5% of the agent used in test No. 1. The gauge reading was good compared with the reference test.

[0184] The results are set out in Tables IV-1 and IV-2 below. TABLE IV-1 Test 29 Test 30 Test 31 Test 32 Test 33 Test 34 REFERENCE INVENTION REFERENCE INVENTION REFERENCE INVENTION Filler type Product G Product G + Product U Product U + Product W Product W + 1.5% AGT 1.5% AGT 2.5% AGT Filler quantity 25 g 259 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g Polyol type IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Polyol quantity 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g Mixing speed 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. Gauge after 2 min 0 0 0 1 0 4 Gauge after 5 min 0 1 0 2 0 4 Gauge after 8 min 0 2 0 / 0 4.5 Gauge after 10 min 0 2 0 3 0 5 Gauge after 12 min 0 2 0 / 0 6 Gauge after 15 min 0 3 0 3 0 6 Gauge after 18 min 0 3.5 0 / 0 6 Gauge after 20 min 0 3 0 4 0 7 Gauge after 22 min / 3.5 / / / / Gauge after 24 min / 3 / / / / Gauge after 25 min / 3 / 4 / 7 Gauge after 26 min / / / / / / Gauge after 28 min / / / / / / Gauge after 30 min / / / / / / Gauge after 32 min / / / / / / Gauge after 35 min / / / / / /

[0185] TABLE IV-2 Test 35 Test 36 Test 37 Test 38 Test 39 Test 40 Test 41 Test 42 REFERENCE INVENTION REFERENCE INVENTION REFERENCE INVENTION REFERENCE INVENTION Filler type Product R Product R + Product A + Product Test Product V Product V + Product S Product S + 1% NP1OP04 Product T 37 + 1.2% AGT 1.5% AGT 0.5% AGT Filler quantity 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g 25 g Polyol type IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 IOH 48 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Visco 750 Polyol quantity 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g 250 g Mixing speed 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. 690 r./min. Gauge after 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 5  2 min Gauge after 0 3 0 4.5 0 5 0 /  5 min Gauge after 0 3.5 0 / 0 6 0 5  8 min Gauge after 0 3.5 0 / 0 6 0 / 10 min Gauge after 0 3.5 0 / 0 / 0 6 12 min Gauge after 0 3 0 6.5 0 / 0 / 15 min Gauge after 1 3.5 0 7 0 / 0 7 18 min Gauge after 1 3 0 / 0 6 0 7 20 min Gauge after 1 / / / / / / 6.5 22 min Gauge after 1 / / / / / / / 24 min Gauge after 1 / / / / / / / 25 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 26 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 28 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 30 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 32 min Gauge after / / / / / / / / 35 min

[0186] A review of Tables IV shows that the method proposed by the invention enables suspensions of various mineral fillers in a polyol to be obtained which are homogeneous and contain particles of less than 70 micrometres after 15 minutes.

EXAMPLE 3

[0187] This example relates to the manufacture of preliminary mixtures of mineral fillers with a polyol using different quantities of filler.

[0188] Test No. 43:

[0189] This test illustrates the invention and uses product A as a filler treated as in test No. 1 and, as a polyol, a polyol with a hydroxyl index of 48 mg/g and a viscosity of 700 mPa.s at 200° C. in a ratio by weight of 60% polyol-40% calcium carbonate.

[0190] Test No. 44:

[0191] This test illustrates the invention and uses product A as a filler treated as in test No. 1 and, as a polyol, a polyol with a hydroxyl index of 48 mg/g and a viscosity of 700 mPa.s at 200° C. in a ratio by weight of 50% polyol-50% calcium carbonate.

[0192] Test No. 45:

[0193] This test illustrates the invention and uses product A as a filler treated as in test No. 1 and, as a polyol, a polyol with a hydroxyl index of 48 mg/g and a viscosity of 700 mPa.s at 200° C. in a ratio by weight of 40% polyol-60% calcium carbonate.

[0194] Test No. 46:

[0195] This test illustrates the invention and uses product A as a filler treated as in test No. 1 and, as a polyol, a polyol with a hydroxyl index of 48 mg/g and a viscosity of 700 mPa.s at 200° C. in a ratio by weight of 90% polyol-10% calcium carbonate.

[0196] Test No. 47:

[0197] This test illustrates the invention and uses kaolin as a filler treated as in test No. 30 and, as a polyol, a polyol with a hydroxyl index of 56 mg/g and a viscosity of 300 mPa.s at 250° C. in a ratio by weight of 50% polyol-50% kaolin.

[0198] The results are set out in Table V below. TABLE V INVENTION INVENTION INVENTION INVENTION INVENTION Test 43 Test 44 Test 45 Test 46 Test 47 Polyol IOH = 48 IOH = 48 IOH = 48 IOH = 48 IOH = 56 Viscosity = 700 Viscosity = 700 Viscosity = 700 Viscosity = 700 Viscosity = 300 Quantity (% weight) 60 50 40 90 50 Filler Treated product Treated product Treated product Treated product Treated product Test No. 1 Test No. 1 Test No. 1 Test No. 1 Test No. 30 Quantity (% of dry weight of filler) 40 50 60 10 50 Dispersant type Agent Agent Agent Agent Agent Test No. 1 Test No. 1 Test No. 1 Test No. 1 Test No. 1 Quantity (% of dry weight of filler) 1 1 1 1 1 Brookfield viscosities after 2 hours (mPa · s) at 23° C.  10 r/min 5250 6500 29800 750 44160 100 r/min 2430 3450 9600 720 17630 Brookfield viscosities after 24 hours (mPa · s) at 23° C.  10 r/min 5000 6350 28700 750 40000 100 r/min 2350 3500 9900 720 22170 Stability 7 days NO DECANTATION, NO SEDIMENTATION, NO THICKENING

[0199] A review of Table V shows that it is possible to obtain suspensions of mineral fillers in polyols which are not susceptible to decantation or sedimentation or to damning thickening.

EXAMPLE 4

[0200] This example illustrates how a PUR foam containing the fillers treated in accordance with the invention are obtained.

[0201] A known process is used to make PUR foam, using a preliminary mixture of filler treated as described in example 3 (test No. 44 with 50% calcium carbonate) in differing PUR foam densities and differing proportions of filler proposed by the invention.

[0202] Test No. 48:

[0203] For this test, the anticipated density is 25 kg/m³ and the quantity of filler is 10 parts relative to the polyol.

[0204] Test No. 49:

[0205] For this test, the anticipated density is 35 kg/m³ and the quantity of filler is 20 parts relative to the polyol.

[0206] Test No. 50:

[0207] For this test, the anticipated density is 40 kg/m³ and the quantity of filler is 5 parts relative to the polyol.

[0208] The results are set out in Table VI below. TABLE VI TEST No. 48 49 50 Polyol (IOH = 48) 100 100 100 Treated filler of test No. 1 10 20 5 Amine catalyst 0.15 0.18 0.39 Tin octoate 0.22 0.24 0.19 Silicon-based surfactant 0.8 0.8 0.8 Water 4.6 4.1 2.5 TDI (isomer 80 ortho-20 para) 56.2 51 34.5 * Isocyanate index 108 108 108 * Slurry time 17.3 18 22 * Rise time 92 100 140 Density 26 29.8 40 ${*\quad {Isocyanate}\quad {index}} = {\frac{{number}\quad {of}\quad {NCO}\quad {functions}}{{number}\quad {of}\quad {OH}\quad {functions}} \times 100}$

* Slurry time = Onset of foam formation = appearance time * Rise time = Total time from the reaction whereby the foam is manufactured to stabilisation

[0209] A review of Table VI shows that it is possible to obtain PUR foams by a method incorporating the improvement proposed by the present invention. 

1. A method of treating mineral fillers, characterised in that said filler a) is treated using at least one compound of the general formula (1):

where R₁=either H or alkyl with 8 to 40 carbon atoms or aryl or alkylaryl or arylalkyl with 6 to 40 carbon atoms where R₂=either alkyl with 8 to 40 carbon atoms or aryl or alkylaryl or arylalkyl with 6 to 40 carbon atoms X=—CH₂—CH₂— or —CH(CH₃)—CH₂— or —CH₂—CH(CH₃) or —(CH₂)₅—CO— Y=—CH₂—CH₂— or —CH(CH₃)—CH₂— or —CH₂—CH(CH₃)— or —(CH₂)₅—CO— X and Y being the same or different, (m+n) varies from 0 to 60 (boundaries included) as well as (p+q) where 0≦m+n≦60 and 0≦p+q≦60 when X=Y=—CH₂—CH₂— and where (1≦m≦10 and 1≦p≦10) and (0≦n≦59 and 0≦q≦59) if X is different from Y: b) undergoes a de-agglomeration step and c) optionally undergoes a selection step.
 2. A method of treating mineral fillers as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said treatment agent is an acid phosphate of aliphatic alcohol, branched or not with 8 to 20 carbon atoms, on which from 0 to 12 ethylene oxide chains are condensed and optionally containing a mixture of mono-esters and di-esters.
 3. A method of treating mineral fillers as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said treatment agent is a mixture of mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of decyl alcohol with 5 mols of ethylene oxide.
 4. A method of treating mineral fillers as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said treatment agent is the mono-ester of acid phosphate of tristyrylphenol containing 60 mols of ethylene oxide.
 5. A method of treating mineral fillers as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said treatment agent is a mixture of mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of ketostearyl alcohol.
 6. A method of treating mineral fillers as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterised in that said treatment agent is a mixture of mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of nonylphenol containing 10 mols of ethylene oxide.
 7. A method of treating mineral fillers as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said treatment is applied by a dry method or by a wet method.
 8. A method of treating mineral fillers as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that said filler is selected from amongst: the carbonates, phosphates and sulphates of natural or synthetic alkaline earths, zinc carbonate, the combined salts of magnesium and calcium such as dolomites, lime, magnesia, barium sulphate, calcium sulphates, magnesium hydroxides, aluminium hydroxide, silica, wollastonite, the clays and other silico-alumina such as the kaolins, silica-magnesia such as talc, mica, solid or hollow glass beads, the metal oxides such as zinc oxide, the iron oxides, titanium oxide and mixtures thereof.
 9. A method of treating mineral fillers as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that said filler is selected from amongst: the natural calcium carbonates selected from chalk, calcite and marble, precipitated calcium carbonate, dolomite, the aluminum or magnesium hydroxides, kaolin, talc, wollastonite and mixtures thereof.
 10. A treated mineral filler of a specific grain size for the manufacture of polyurethane foams by a method whereby said filler is mixed with at least some of the polyol in the reaction forming the polyurethane and having a shorter mixing time with the polyol and the other reagents, characterised in that it a) is treated using at least one compound of the general formula (1):

where R₁=either H or alkyl with 8 to 40 carbon atoms or aryl or alkylaryl or arylalkyl with 6 to 40 carbon atoms where R₂=either alkyl with 8 to 40 carbon atoms or aryl or alkylaryl or arylalkyl with 6 to 40 carbon atoms X=—CH₂—CH₂— or —CH(CH₃)—CH₂— or —CH₂—CH(CH₃) or —(CH₂)₅—CO— Y=—CH₂—CH₂— or —CH(CH₃)—CH₂— or —CH₂—CH(CH₃)— or —(CH₂)₅—CO— X and Y being the same or different, (m+n) varies from 0 to 60 (boundaries included) as well as (p+q) where 0≦m+n≦60 and 0≦p+q≦60 when X=Y=—CH₂—CH₂— and where (1≦m≦10 and 1≦p≦10) and (0≦n≦59 and 0≦q≦59) if X is different from Y. b) undergoes a de-agglomeration step and c) optionally undergoes a selection step.
 11. A treated mineral filler as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that said treatment agent is a mixture of mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of decyl alcohol with 5 mols of ethylene oxide.
 12. A treated mineral filler as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that said treatment agent is the mono-ester of acid phosphate of tristyrylphenol containing 60 mols of ethylene oxide.
 13. A treated mineral filler as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that said treatment agent is a mixture of mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of ketostearyl alcohol.
 14. A treated mineral filler as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that said treatment agent is a mixture of mono-ester and di-ester of acid phosphate of nonylphenol containing 10 mols of ethylene oxide.
 15. Mineral fillers as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that they consist of carbonates, phosphates and sulphates of natural or synthetic alkaline earths, zinc carbonate, the combined salts of magnesium and calcium such as dolomites, lime, magnesia, barium sulphate, calcium sulphates, magnesium hydroxides, aluminium hydroxide, silica, wollastonite, the clays and other silico-alumina such as the kaolins, silica-magnesia such as talc, mica, solid or hollow glass beads, the metal oxides such as zinc oxide, the iron oxides, titanium oxide and mixtures thereof.
 16. Mineral fillers as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 14, characterised in that they consist of natural calcium carbonates selected from chalk, calcite and marble, precipitated calcium carbonate, dolomite, aluminum or magnesium hydroxides, kaolin, talc, wollastonite and mixtures thereof.
 17. Mineral fillers as claimed in anyone of claims 10 to 16, characterised in that they consist of products having an average diameter of between 0.1 and 15 micrometres, preferably between 0.1 and 10 micrometres.
 18. Mineral fillers as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 16, characterised in that they consist of products having an average diameter of between 0.3 and 8 micrometres.
 19. Mineral fillers as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 18, characterised in that they are selected from amongst the following: a marble with an average diameter of 8 micrometres, a magnesium hydroxide with an average diameter of between 1.4 and 1.8 micrometres, a talc with an average diameter of 2.5 micrometres, a dolomite with an average diameter of 3 micrometres, an aluminium hydroxide with an average diameter of 0.8 micrometres, a kaolin with an average diameter of 0.5 micrometres, a precipitated calcium carbonate with an average diameter of 0.30 micrometres.
 20. Mineral fillers as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 19, characterised in that they conserve their hydrophilic nature whilst exhibiting an up-take of polyol reduced by at least 15% and preferably at least 20% relative to the untreated mineral filler.
 21. Suspensions of mineral fillers in polyols, characterised in that the filler is a filler as claimed in any one of claims 10 to
 20. 22. Suspensions of mineral fillers in polyols, as claimed in claim 21, characterised in that the polyols used belong to the families of the polyethers and polyesters-polyethers and the polyesters, in particular, among the polyol polyethers the addition products of propylene oxide on a simple polyol such as glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, sorbitol, in the presence of ethylene oxide or not, or the special polyol polyethers such as the amine-based polyethers obtained by the addition of propylene oxide or optionally ethylene oxide on amines, halogen polyethers, grafted polyethers resulting from the copolymerisation of styrene and acrylonitrile in suspension in a polyether, or alternatively polytetramethylene glycol, in particular among the polyol polyesters those resulting from the polycondensation of polyalcohols on polyacids or their anhydrides, such as the diacids, such as adipic, phthalic or other diacids, reacting with diols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol or others, triols such as glycerol, trimethylolpropane or others and tetrols such as pentaerythritol or others, alone or in a mixture, or various hydroxyl compounds such as hydroxylated polybutadienes, the prepolymers with hydroxyl terminations resulting from the reaction of excess polyol on a diisocyanate or the simple polyols such as glycerol, amino alcohols used in a small quantity with the polyol polyethers or the polyol polyesters.
 23. Suspensions of mineral fillers in polyols as claimed in claim 21 or claim 22, characterised in that they contain other mineral and/or organic products such as catalysts and/or anti-oxidants and/or others.
 24. Suspensions of mineral fillers in polyols as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 23, characterised in that the concentration of dry substance of the treated mineral substances may be as high as 80% by weight, and in that they are not susceptible either to decantation or sedimentation or damning thickening after storage for 7 days in readiness for the manufacture of flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams, i.e. having a stable apparent Brookfield viscosity which is lower than that of suspensions of mineral fillers which have not been treated and in that they contain 0.5% to 3% by weight, relative to the weight of the mineral filler, of at least one treatment agent having the general formula (1).
 25. Pre-mixtures of mineral fillers with a polyol and in particular in proportions appropriate for the manufacture of polyurethanes and more specifically polyurethane foams either by foaming without an auxiliary blowing agent or by foaming with an auxiliary blowing agent such as methylene chloride, acetone or CO₂ or others, or composite polyurethanes, characterised in that the fillers are pre-treated by a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to
 9. 26. Pre-mixtures of mineral fillers with a polyol as claimed in claim 25, characterised in that the filler consists of a filler such as described in any one of claims 15 to 19, in particular natural calcium carbonates selected from among chalk, calcite and marble, precipitated calcium carbonate, aluminium or magnesium hydroxides, kaolin, talc, wollastonite and mixtures thereof.
 27. Use of the pre-mixtures of mineral filler and polyol as claimed in claims 25 or 26 for the manufacture of flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams by the method, either by foaming without an auxiliary blowing agent or by foaming with an auxiliary blowing agent such as methylene chloride, acetone or CO₂ or others, and for the manufacture of composite polyurethanes.
 28. Use of pre-mixtures of mineral filler and polyol as claimed in claim 25 or 26 for the manufacture of composite materials with a polyurethane matrix, cellular or not, such as polyurethanes reinforced with vegetable fibres or glass or quartz or synthetic fibres, cut fibres in general, or similar, in particular in the field of accessories for the automotive industry, for the transport sector, in particular road or rail, and industrial accessories used in a variety of applications.
 29. Flexible, semi-rigid or rigid polyurethane foams obtained by the method either by foaming without an auxiliary blowing agent or by foaming with an auxiliary blowing agent such as methylene chloride, acetone or CO₂ or others, characterised in that they incorporate a filler pre-treated as claimed in any one of claims 10 to
 20. 30. Composite polyurethanes, cellular or not, characterised in that they incorporate a filler pre-treated as claimed in any one of claims 10 to
 20. 31. Objects, moulded or not, characterised in that they are obtained from foams and composite polyurethanes obtained as claimed in claim 29 or
 30. 